ቆልቋል ሓበሻ

Published by Abrhaley T. Habte (ኣብርሃለይ ተስፋጌርግስ) on

ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ስቡሕ፡ ኣሻዅ፡ ወትሩሓምላይ ገረብ ኰይኑ፡ ኣብ እንዳባዊ ስፍራኡ ብዙሕሳዕ ቁመቱ ክሳብ 10 ሜትሮ ይበጽሕ። ናይ ስቡሕን ገረብን ባህርያት ዘንጸባርቕ፡ ቅርጺ መጸወርሽምዓ ዝሓዘ ውቁብ ተኽሊ ኢዩ። እቲ ረጒድ፡ ኣውራ ኦሙ ምስ ምውሳኽ ዕድመ ናብ ዕንጸይታዊ ዝልወጥ ኰይኑ፡ ብዙሓት ዝዀርንዑ፡ ዝጨናፈሩ ጉንድታት ይስከም። መብዛሕትኡ እዋን ድማ 8-ጐናዊ ኢዩ። እቶም ተሰቀልቲ ጨናፍሩ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ዝቐንዑን ዘይረግፉን ኰይኖም፡ ግፍሕ ዝበለ ግምጥላሽጨላቝ ርእሲ ይፈጥሩ። ንኡስ ብቋል ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ኣብ ጫፍ ናይቶም ጨናፍሩ ኣቝጽልቲ ዘውጽእ እኳ እንተዀነ፡ ኣብ ደረቕ ወቕቲ ግና ይረግፉ። እዚ ተኽሊ ብልዕለገጽ እልመት ናይቶም ኦምበለስ-መሰል ሓምላይ ኣጉናዱ ብኣድማዕነት ምስርሐብርሃን ከካይድ ይኽእል።1 ኣብ እልመት ጉንዱ ማይ ናይ ምዕቛር ዓቕሚ እውን ኣለዎ።2

እቲ ፈለማ ብዛዕባ ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ዝጸሓፈ ሰብ እስኮትላንዳዊ ዳህሳሲ ጀይምስ ብሩስ ኢዩ። ኣብቲ ኣብ 1790 መጀመርታ ዝተሓትመ መጽሓፉ፡3 ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ብምባል ብዛዕባ ቆልቋል ምዝራብ ይጅምር፦

“ኣብታ ካብ ሰምሃር [ሰሜንምብራቓዊ ጐልጐል ኤሪትራ]፡ ወይ እቲ ንገምገም ባሕሪ ሓበሻ ዘቕውም ታሕታይ ሜዳ ነቓጽ ሃገር፡ ዝነቐልናላ ዘይትርሳዕ መዓልቲ፡ ናብ ምዕራብ ተጠዊና ኣብ እግሪ እቲ መታን ናብ በሪኽ ምድሪ ሓበሻ ክንኣቱ ክንሳገሮ ዝነበረና ድንቂ እምባ ታረንታ [ምብራቓዊ ኣጻድፍ ኤሪትራ] በጻሕና እሞ፡ ብምልኡ ጐኒ ናይቲ ብርቂ እምባ ካብ ላዕሊ ክሳብ ታሕቲ በዚ ውቁብ ገረብ ተሸፊኑ ረኣና። ናብ መዓልታዊ መስተንክራት ዝተጸበናሉ ሃገር ንኣቱ ስለዝነበርና፡ ምናልባት ከምቲ ሰብ ክሓስቦ ዝኽእል፡ በዚ እጹብ ትርኢት ክንድቲ ብዙሕ ኣይተገረምናን። ፍሪኡ በሲሉ ነይሩ፡ ኣብ ጫፍ ናይቶም ጨናፍር ተጸይሩ ስለዝነበረ ከኣ፡ እቶም ጐኒንጐኒ ተደርዲሮም ዝቘሙ ኣግራብ ብዝለዓለ ድምቀት ሕብሪ ዝዋውዕ ዘለዎ ጨርቂ ወይ መጐልበቢ ዝተሸፈኑ መሰሉ።”4

ገረብ ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ኣዚዩ ኢዩ ዝፈላለ።5 ኣብ መንጎ ሰሜናውን ደቡባውን ብቋላቱ ድማ ብርክት ዝበለ ፍልልያት ኣለዎ።67 ከምቲ ጀይምስ ብሩስ ብልክዕ ዝተዓዘቦ፦

“ናብ ምዕራብ ብዝተጓዓዝና፡ እቲ ገረብ ነደየ፡ እቶም ጨናፍር ዋሓዱ፡ ሳሕቲ ልዕሊ ክልተ ወይ ሰለስተ መሰንገለታት፡ ወይ ምቅሊታት፡ እሶም እውን እንተዀኑ ብዕምቈት ዘይለጠቑ፡ ነይረሞ። ናይ ታረንታ [ምብራቓዊ ኣጻድፍ ኤሪትራ] ቆልቋል ግና ብብዝሒ ሸሞንተ መሰንገለታት ነይርዎ። ድሒርና ገለ ካብኣቶም ኣብ ምንጪ ኣባይ፡ ኣብቲ ዓዲ ጊሽ ዝተደኰነትሉ ጎቦ፡ ርኢና። እንተዀነ ግና፡ ዋላኳ ኣብ ኣዚዩ ጽቡቕ መሬት እንተነበሩ፡ ዝጠጥዑ ኣይመስሉን። በንጻሩ ኣብቲ ዝሰሰንሉ ታረንታ [ምብራቓዊ ኣጻድፍ ኤሪትራ]፡ ዳርጋ ነቲ ከውሒ ንኽሽፍን ዕምቈት ዘይነበሮ ሑጻዊ፡ እምናዊ፡ ድኻ ሓመድ ነይሩ …”8

ስነምደባዊ ኣሰራርዓ

ኣብ እቶም ብጀይምስ ብሩስ ዝተዳለዉ ምስልታት ተመርኲሱ፡ ጀርመናዊ ስነተኽለኛ ዮሃን ፍረደሪክ መለን ኣብ 1791 ንገረብ ቆልቋል ምድረሓበሻ ብስነፍልጠታዊ መንገዲ ገሊጽዎ፡ “ቆልቋል ሓበሻ” ዝብል ስነፍልጠታዊ ስም እውን ሂብዎ።9 ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ኣብ ስነምደባ ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ተሰሪዑ ንረኽቦ፦

ዝርከበሉ ስፍራ

ገረብ ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ኣብ ሃገራት ኤሪትራ፡ ኢቲዮጲያ፡ ሶማልያ፡ ሱዳን ወ ጅቡቲ ጥራሕ ብተፈጥሮ ይርከብ።10 ኣብ ዱር ጎቦ፡ መሬትዕንጸይቲ፡ ቈጥቋጣ መሬትሳዕሪ ከምኡ፣ውን ደረቕ ኣጻድፍ፡ ካብ 840 ክሳብ 2400 ሜትሮ ልዕሊ ጽፍሒ ባሕሪ ተዘርጊሑ፡ ገፊሕ ዱራዊ ጉጅለ ብምፍጣር ወይ በይኑ ተነጺሉ ይበቍል።11 ኣብ ኤሪትራ ኣብ ማእከላዊ ከበሳታት ከምኡ፣ውን ኣብ ምብራቓውን ምዕራባውን ኣጻድፍ ብብዝሒ ንረኽቦ።12 ኣብ ኢቲዮጲያ፡ ኣብ ደረቕ፡ ጥሉል ወ ጥልቁይ ወይነደጋ መሕረስኩነተጠፈራዊ ዞባታት ትግራይ፡ ጎንደር፡ ጎጃም፡ ሸዋ፡ ሃረርጌ፡ ወ ሲዳሞ
ካብ 1400 ክሳብ 2400 ሜትሮ ልዕሊ ጽፍሒ ባሕሪ ጽቡቕ ይስስን።13 ኣብ ሱዳን፡ ኣብ ምብራቕ ሱዳን ኣብ ኩርባታት ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ብቐንዱ ይርከብ።14 ኣብ ሶማልያ፡ ብኣውርኡ ኣብ ሰሜናዊ ሶማልያ ኣሎ።15

ስነመልክዓዊ ገለጻ

ገረብ ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ኣዚዩ ዝፋላለ ፍጣር ስለዝዀነ፡ ብርክት ዝበሉ ቈይምታት እውን ስለዘለውዎ፡ ብልክዕ ክትገልጾ ይኸብድ ኢዩ። ይኹን እምበር፡ እዚ ዝስዕብ ከም ልሙድ ስነመልክዓዊ ትርኢቱ ክውሰድ ይከኣል፦

ጉንዲ

ኣጉናድ ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ዓንዳዊ ኢዩ። 4-12 ሰንቲሜትሮ ግፍሒ ዘለዎ ኰይኑ፡ ዳርጋ ናብ 15 ሰንቲሜትሮ ዝንውሓቶም እንቁሊሓዊ ክፍፍላት ዝተሸምቀቐ ኢዩ። ዝዀርንዑ ጨናፍር ድማ ኣለዎ።16

መሰንገለ

ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ካብ 3 ክሳብ 8 ዝዀኑ ረጐድቲ፡ ኣዚዮም ዓመቝቲ ኩርንዖታት ኣለውዎ።17 ትኹላውያን ወይ ቁሩብ ዝጠምዘዙ ኰይኖም፡ ኣኽናፍ ክህልዎም ይኽእል። መሰንገለታቱ ኣብ ፈልሲ ጥራሕ ኢዮም ሓፍለጠቕ ዝብሉ። ዘይዓመቝቲ ቅይንን ዝበሉ ክሳብ 12 ሚሊሜትሮ ዝረሓሓቑ ኣስናን እውን ኣለዎም።18

ኣብቲ መሰንገለታት ኣእሻዅ፡ ኣቝጽልቲ ከምኡ፣ውን ዕምባባታት ዝበቝልሉ ናኣሽቱ ድርዖታት ኣሎ።19 እቶም ድርዖታት ስሉስኩርናዓውያን ኰይኖም፡ ኣስታት 10 ብ7 ሚሊሜትሮ ዝስፍሓቶም፡ ኣብ ደንደስ ናይቲ መሰንገለ ዝተነጻጸሉ ወይ ጥቓንጥቓ ዝተጨቓጨቑ (ዳርጋ ዝተናኸፉ) ብምዃኖም፡ መኽዶናዊ ይዀኑ።20

እሾዅ

ኣእሻዅ ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ብጽምዲ ይበቝሉ። ትኽ ዝበሉ ኢዮም።21 ሓጸርቲ ኰይኖም፡ ካብ 2 ክሳብ 10 ሚሊሜትሮ ንውሓት ኣለዎም።22

ቈጽሊ

ኣቝጽልቲ ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ኣብ ጫፍ ኣጉናድ ሓድሽ ብቋል ጥራሕ ይወጹ።23 ካብ 2 ክሳብ 5 ሰንቲሜትሮ ቁመት ኣለዎም፡ እንቁሊሓዊ ርእሰጭማራዊ ቅርጽታት እውን ዝሓዙ ኢዮም።24 ኣቝጽልቲ ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ቀልጢፎም ይረግፉ። ብድሕሪኡ እቲ ገረብ ቅርፈት ጥራሕ ኣለዎ። እቶም ንላዕሊ ዝጥምቱ ሓምላይ ጨናፍር ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ብቐንዱ ናይ ኣቝጽልቲ ዕማም ይፍጽሙ።25

ዕምባባ

ዕምባባታት ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ብጥማሮታት ኣብ ጫፍ ጨናፍር ካብ ክረምቲ ክሳብ ሓጋይ ይዕምብቡ።26 ክሳብ 5 ዝበጽሑ ዕምበቋላት ኣብ ተራ ጭፎታት ብሓንሳብ ይጽወሩ። ነፍሲወከፍ ዕምበቋል ካብ 8 ክሳብ 12 ሚሊሜትሮ ዝበጽሕ ግፍሓት ዘለዎ ኰይኑ፡ ንኡስብርዑ ከኣ ቅንጹብ፡ ክሳብ 5 ሚሊሜትሮ ዝንውሑ ኢዩ።27

ተባዕትዮ ዕምባባታት ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ሓደ መደው ጥራሕ ኣለዎም። እተን ኣንስትዮ ዕምባባታት ድማ ጨንፋር ኣፈት ዘለዎ ዝተበርዐ መጒዶ ዝሓዛ ኢየን። ዕምባባታት ዋልታዕምባባ የብሎምን። እንተዀነ ግና ብተጠማቲ ትርኣሳትዕምባባ ዝተኸበቡ ኢዮም።28

ደቀቕቲ ክሳብ 5 ዝዀኑ ጽክታት ምጸ ንዕምባባታት ይኸቡ።29 ጐደላውያን፡ ብጫ ዝሕብሮም፡ ዳርጋ ዝተናኸፉ ኢዮም።30 ንኸጽግይዎም ዝኽእሉ ሓሳኹ ድማ ዓስቢ የዳልዉ።31

ፍረ

ደድሕሪ እቶም ናኣሽቱ በጫዋት ዕምባባታት፡ ፍረታት ይስዕቡ። ፍረታት ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ድኾናት ኰይኖም፡ ኣስታት 1 ሰንቲሜትሮ ቁመትን ክሳብ 2.5 ሰንቲሜትሮ ዝበጽሕ ግፍሕን ኣለዎም።32 ሓውሲከበብቲ ኰይኖም፡ ብሓደስቶም ከለዉ ሰጋዋት ኢዮም። ኣብ ፈለማ ሓምላይ ሕብሪ ኣለዎም፡ ድሓር ግና ጻዕዳ ሽራጣት ዘለዎ ዓሚቝ ቀይሕ ሕብሪ ይሕዙ።33 ክደርቁ ከለዉ ናብ ቡናዊ ይቕየሩ።34 ምስ በሰሉ ቅድሚ ምንታጎም፡ ብዕምቈት ናብ ሰለስተ ክፍልታት ይኽፈሉ።35 ፍረ ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ሰለስተ ወይ ልዕሊኡ ዘርእታት የፍሪ።36

ዘርኢ

ዘርእታት ቆልቋል ሓበሻ ናኣሽቱ ኰይኖም፡ 4.5 ሚሊሜትሮ ንውሓት ከምኡ፣ውን 3.5 ሚሊሜትሮ ግፍሒ ኣለዎም።37 ለማጻት ሓውሲከበብቲ ኢዮም። ተራ ጨብራይ ሕብሪ ኣለዎም።38

መወከሲ ነጥብታት

  1. Fern, Ken (2025) Euphorbia abyssinica J.F.Gmel. Useful Tropical Plants. Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2025-09-06. Retrieved from https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Euphorbia+abyssinica ↩︎
  2. Oxford University, Department of Biology. Oxford University Plants 400: Euphorbia abyssinica. Retrieved from https://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/Profiles/EF/Euphorbab ↩︎
  3. Bruce, James (1790) Select Specimens of Natural History, Collected in Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile. Volume V. J. Ruthven: London. ↩︎
  4. Ibid.: p41. ↩︎
  5. Encyclopedia of Living forms; Useful Tropical Plants. ↩︎
  6. Bein, E. and others (1996) Useful Trees and Shrubs in Eritrea: Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. Regional Soil Conservation Unit: Nairobi. ↩︎
  7. Bekele-Tesemma, Azene (2007) Useful Trees of Ethiopia: Identification, Propagation and Management in 17 Agroecological Zones. RELMA in ICRAF Project: Nairobi. ↩︎
  8. Bruce (1790): p43. ↩︎
  9. Gmelin, Johann Friedrich et al. (1791) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 13th edition. V.2 Pt.1. Impensis Georg. Emanuel. Beer: Lipsiae [Leipzig]. ↩︎
  10. World Flora Online; World of Succulents; Useful Tropical Plants. ↩︎
  11. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA); Bein and others (1996): p198; Bekele-Tesemma (2007): p262; Oxford University, Department of Biology. ↩︎
  12. Bein and others (1996): p198. ↩︎
  13. Bekele-Tesemma (2007): p262. ↩︎
  14. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  15. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA); Encyclopedia of Living forms. ↩︎
  16. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  17. Bein and others (1996): p198; Bekele-Tesemma (2007): p262. ↩︎
  18. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  19. Bein and others (1996): p198; Bekele-Tesemma (2007): p262. ↩︎
  20. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  21. Bein and others (1996): p198; Bekele-Tesemma (2007): p262. ↩︎
  22. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  23. Oxford University, Department of Biology. Oxford University Plants 400: Euphorbia abyssinica. Retrieved from https://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/Profiles/EF/Euphorbab ↩︎
  24. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  25. Bein and others (1996): p198; Bekele-Tesemma (2007): p262. ↩︎
  26. World of Succulents. Euphorbia abyssinica (Desert Candle). Retrieved from https://worldofsucculents.com/euphorbia-abyssinica-desert-candle/#google_vignette ↩︎
  27. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  28. Oxford University, Department of Biology. Oxford University Plants 400: Euphorbia abyssinica. Retrieved from https://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/Profiles/EF/Euphorbab ↩︎
  29. Bein and others (1996): p198; Bekele-Tesemma (2007): p262. ↩︎
  30. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  31. Oxford University, Department of Biology. Oxford University Plants 400: Euphorbia abyssinica. Retrieved from https://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/Profiles/EF/Euphorbab ↩︎
  32. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  33. Bein and others (1996): p198; Bekele-Tesemma (2007): p262. ↩︎
  34. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  35. Bein and others (1996): p198; Bekele-Tesemma (2007): p262. ↩︎
  36. Fern, Ken (2025) Euphorbia abyssinica J.F.Gmel. Useful Tropical Plants. Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2025-09-06. Retrieved from https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Euphorbia+abyssinica ↩︎
  37. The Encyclopedia of Living forms. “Euphorbia abyssinica” Text available under a CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution License. www.llifle.com 14 Nov. 2005. 06 Sep 2025. Retrieved from https://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/1958/Euphorbia_abyssinica ↩︎
  38. Bein and others (1996): p198; Bekele-Tesemma (2007): p262. ↩︎
Categories: ሕትመታት ትግርኛስነተኽሊተፈጥሮኣዊ ታሪኽ
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